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De- and Re-Democratization (DRD)

With its twin focus on democratic crises and democratic subversion (“de-democratization”) as well as on democratic resistance and democratizing struggles (“re-democratization”), the DRD research group places itself at the very center of contemporary debates on the global crisis of democracy. Within its broad thematic mandate, it addresses fundamental questions on democratic failure, subversion, resistance, and polarization.

  • Democratic failure: The institutions of liberal democracy promise liberty, equality, and popular control. But they do not run on autopilot and may fail in many ways. More often than not, across world regions, democratic regimes are less deliberative, fair, and effective, and more unequal, violent, and self-referential, than we would like to see them. Riding a global wave, populists declare existing democracies bankrupt. Very often, their sweeping condemnations of democratic regimes have little to do with genuine democratic deficiencies. We should strive to understand them nonetheless: How can we recognize populists when we see them? Which are the claims they level against liberal democracy? Why do these resonate among citizens? Which is their potential for democratic renewal or destruction? We should not, however, grant populists the monopoly of democratic self-critique they claim for themselves. The critical self-reflection of democracy is an integral part of its defense.
  • Democratic subversion: All around the globe, illiberal governments have been subverting democracy through practices that maintain the façade of democracy while hollowing out its spirit. In slow, stepwise paths of escalation, they have been picking from “the menu of manipulation” that sustains electoral authoritarian regimes. Which are their precise trajectories? To what extent do they transform political, economic, and social institutions? How do they manage to overcome societal and institutional constraints? Which are the structural, institutional, and political conditions of their success? Which are their material, and which their ideological, bases? Which their conceptions of democracy? Whom do they include, and whom exclude, as legitimate members of the nation and the people? What do we know about the extent and sources of their popularity?
  • Democratic resistance: To the degree that illiberal governments succeed in the gradual subversion of democracy, democrats find themselves struggling within the complex two-level game that defines electoral authoritarianism. At the game level of electoral competition, they need to persuade voters. At the meta-game level of institutional conflict, they need to overcome authoritarian structures and practices. How do they handle the related uncertainties about the weight of authoritarian manipulation? How the ensuing normative and strategic dilemmas? How do they reach voters? How do they exert institutional pressures? How do they manage to cooperate among themselves and how to provoke fissures within the regime?
  • Democratic polarization: Processes of democratic subversion may, or may not, originate in fundamental political confrontations. Yet, invariably, they generate them. Invariably, they give rise to dynamics of polarization in which political adversaries come to perceive each other as existential threats to democratic coexistence. How do such polarizing conflicts get ignited? How can they be avoided or reverted? How do they shape the relations among citizens and between political adversaries? How do they feed the erosion of democracy?
  • Democratic foundations: What does democracy require? The current crisis of democracy compels us to rethink its foundations. Our four strategic themes speak in manifold ways to the normative, cognitive, social, and institutional bases of liberal democracy. Blending political theory and comparative empirical research, we strive to reassess the complex conditions that make liberal democracy possible.

Sign up for the DRD mailing list here.

DRD Rooftop Seminar, debating work in progress, list of past events

Publications by research group members (2022-23)

 

Researchers

Andreas Schedler Lead Researcher / Senior Research Fellow
Ryan Bince Junior Research Affiliate
Matthijs Bogaards CEU Research Affiliate / CEU Associate Professor
Alexander Bor Post-doctoral Fellow / CEU Visiting Faculty Member
Andras Bozoki CEU Research Affiliate / CEU Professor
Laszlo Bruszt Director / CEU Professor
Fernando Casal Bertoa Research Affiliate
Gina Donoso Research Affiliate / CEU Visiting Professor
William Edmonds Fulbright Fellow
Zsolt Enyedi Senior Research Fellow / CEU Professor
Dorit Geva CEU Research Affiliate / CEU Professor
Nicolas Hernandez Junior Research Affiliate
Flora Hevesi Research Assistant
Erin Kristin Jenne CEU Research Affiliate / CEU Professor
Evelyn Hye Kyung Jeong Junior Research Affiliate
David Karas OSUN Post-doctoral Fellow
Janos Kis Senior Research Fellow / CEU University Professor
Eszter Kovats Research Affiliate
Peter Kreko Research Affiliate
Levente Littvay Senior Research Fellow
Balint Madlovics Junior Research Fellow
Balint Magyar Senior Research Fellow
Jennifer McCoy Research Affiliate
Carlos Melendez Post-doctoral Fellow
Inna Melnykovska CEU Research Affiliate / CEU Assistant Professor
Wolfgang Merkel Research Affiliate
Vera Messing Research Fellow
Zoltan Miklosi CEU Research Affiliate / CEU Associate Professor
Balint Mikola Post-doctoral Fellow
Filip Milacic Research Affiliate
Alvaro Morcillo Research Affiliate
Anand Murugesan CEU Research Affiliate / CEU Associate Professor
Edgar Sar Research Affiliate
Dean Schafer Post-doctoral Fellow
Carsten Q. Schneider CEU Research Affiliate / CEU Professor
Murat Somer Research Affiliate
Andras Szalai Research Affiliate
Lili Turza Junior Research Affiliate
Giorgos Venizelos Post-doctoral Fellow
Franziska Wagner Research Assistant
Karolina Zbytniewska Junior Research Affiliate
Edit Zgut-Przybylska Research Affiliate

News

Edit Zgut-Przybylska on the Deepening Chinese-Hungarian Relations in EUObserver

"At a time when the EU and US are warning against becoming too dependent on an increasingly authoritarian China, Orbán has doubled-down on his commitment to building out an 'Eastern Opening' and become Beijing's most reliable partner within the EU", our Research Affiliate Edit Zgut-Przybylska writes in a new op-ed in EUObserver.

Giorgos Venizelos, Grigoris Markou: Populism in opposition and in governance

In a chapter in the new Research Handbook on Populism, Giorgos Venizelos, our Post-doctoral Fellow in Political Polarization and Grigoris Markou provide a critical overview of the literature on populism in power.

Zsolt Enyedi on Hungary's political system in Qubit

Our Senior Research Fellow Zsolt Enyedi discussed his article on the ideological modules of the Hungarian political system in an interview on Hungarian science news portal Qubit.

Peter Kreko in the Washington Post on the Rise of the Far Right

Our Research Affiliate Peter Kreko gave a comment to the Washington Post on the rise of the far right among young Europeans.

Azul A. Aguiar Aguilar: Subverting Judicial Legitimacy: Presidential Rhetoric and Democratic Erosion in Mexico

In the latest DI Working Paper, using an original database, ITESO Professor Azul A. Aguiar Aguilar analyzes how attacks on the judiciary can lead to democratic erosion and what role judges play in accelerating or stopping such regression.

Audiovisuals

Autonomous but With No Bridges Built: Fernando Casal Bértoa on Inter-Party Relations in Spain

This podcast between our Senior Research Fellow Zsolt Enyedi and Fernando Casal Bértoa discusses inter-party relations in Spain. Fernando Casal Bertoa is Associate Professor at the University of Nottingham and the co-director of the Research Center for the Study of Parties and Democracy.

Open Questions Roundtable: “Again, What Is Populism?”

In the first installment of a new series entitled Open Questions in the Comparative Study of Democracy and Authoritarianism, Andreas Schedler's essay was discussed by the author, Kirk Hawkins, Daphne Halikiopoulou and Matthijs Bogaards.

Balint Magyar Discusses the Hungarian President's Resignation on "Friderikusz Podcast"

Our Research Fellow Balint Magyar discussed the clemency case that led to the resignation of Hungary's President Katalin Novak on popular Hungarian podcast Friderikusz Podcast.

Illiberalism in Power: What Impact on Educational and Cultural Policies?

Peter Rado and our Post-Doctoral Research Fellow Balint Mikola discussed their working paper Illiberalism in Power: Educational and Cultural Politices, with our Research Affiliate Agnes Kende and our Senior Research Fellow Zsolt Enyedi.

New Podcast: Bálint Madlovics and Bálint Magyar: The Russia-Ukraine War, Volumes 1-2

In the latest episode of the Author Spotlight Series of the CEU Press Podcast, host Bálint Madlovics sat down for a fascinating discussion on the impact of the war on Ukraine’s patronal democracy, with his co-editor Bálint Magyar and with Oksana Huss, Mikhail Minakov and Kálmán Mizsei, who all contributed to the new volumes from CEU Press on the Russia-Ukraine War.